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Genetics — DNA and Heredity

Foundational genetics terms for biology class

D
dnawrangler_mx 15 terms Jan 10, 2026
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Terms 15

1
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule carrying genetic information
2
Gene
Segment of DNA encoding a specific protein or function
3
Allele
Different forms of the same gene
4
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism
5
Phenotype
Observable traits of an organism
6
Dominant
Allele that is expressed when present; masks recessive
7
Recessive
Allele only expressed when two copies are present
8
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a trait (AA or aa)
9
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a trait (Aa)
10
Punnett Square
Grid used to predict offspring genotype probabilities
11
Meiosis
Cell division producing four genetically unique sex cells
12
Mitosis
Cell division producing two identical daughter cells
13
Mutation
Change in DNA sequence; can be inherited or arise spontaneously
14
Chromosome
Thread-like structure carrying genes; humans have 46
15
RNA
Ribonucleic acid; carries instructions from DNA for protein synthesis