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Nutrition Science — Macronutrients

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and their roles in the body

M
macros_and_math 15 terms Feb 10, 2026
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Terms 15

1
Protein
Macronutrient made of amino acids; builds and repairs tissues; 4 cal/gram
2
Carbohydrate
Primary energy source for the body; 4 cal/gram
3
Fat
Energy storage, hormone production, and nutrient absorption; 9 cal/gram
4
Amino Acids
Building blocks of proteins; 9 are essential (must come from diet)
5
Glucose
Simple sugar; primary fuel for brain and muscles
6
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose in liver and muscle
7
Saturated Fat
Fat with no double bonds; solid at room temp; from animal sources
8
Unsaturated Fat
Fat with one or more double bonds; liquid at room temp; from plants
9
Trans Fat
Artificially hydrogenated fat; raises LDL and lowers HDL cholesterol
10
Fiber
Indigestible carbohydrate aiding digestion and blood sugar regulation
11
Calorie
Unit of energy from food; technically kilocalorie in nutrition
12
BMR
Basal Metabolic Rate; calories burned at rest to sustain basic functions
13
Essential Nutrient
Nutrient body cannot synthesize; must be consumed through diet
14
Micronutrient
Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts for body functions
15
Hydration
Adequate water intake; critical for all metabolic processes