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Ancient Rome — Society and Government

Key terms and people from Roman civilization

V
via_appia_walker 15 terms Jul 24, 2025
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Terms 15

1
Senate
Governing body of Rome composed of patricians; held great legislative power
2
Patrician
Wealthy landowning class in Rome; held most political power early on
3
Plebeian
Common citizens of Rome; eventually gained political rights through Conflict of Orders
4
Consul
Two annually elected executives at the top of Roman government
5
Tribune
Official elected to protect plebeian rights; could veto senate actions
6
Roman Republic
Period from 509 BC to 27 BC when Rome was governed by elected officials
7
Roman Empire
Period starting with Augustus Caesar; emperors replaced republican system
8
Julius Caesar
Roman general and dictator; his assassination led to the Empire's founding
9
Augustus Caesar
First Roman Emperor; began Pax Romana; nephew of Julius Caesar
10
Pax Romana
200-year period of relative peace and prosperity under Roman rule
11
Gladiator
Armed fighters who competed in arenas for public entertainment
12
Colosseum
Massive amphitheater in Rome completed in 80 AD; held up to 80,000 spectators
13
Twelve Tables
Rome's first written law code (450 BC); basis of Roman legal tradition
14
Legion
Basic unit of the Roman army; ~5,000 soldiers
15
Fall of Rome
476 AD collapse of Western Roman Empire; attributed to many internal and external pressures