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Logic and Critical Thinking — Fallacies

Common logical fallacies and how to identify them

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fallacy_finder 15 terms Dec 29, 2025
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Terms 15

1
Ad Hominem
Attacking the person making an argument instead of the argument itself
2
Straw Man
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack
3
False Dichotomy
Presenting only two options when more exist
4
Slippery Slope
Claiming one event will inevitably lead to extreme consequences without justification
5
Appeal to Authority
Using someone's status or credentials as evidence rather than logic
6
Appeal to Emotion
Manipulating emotions instead of using logical reasoning
7
Circular Reasoning
Restating the conclusion as a premise; argument assumes what it tries to prove
8
Hasty Generalization
Drawing broad conclusions from a small or unrepresentative sample
9
Post Hoc
Assuming causation from correlation: A happened before B, so A caused B
10
Bandwagon Fallacy
Concluding something is true because many people believe it
11
Red Herring
Introducing irrelevant information to distract from the real argument
12
Tu Quoque
Deflecting criticism by pointing out the critic does the same thing
13
False Equivalence
Treating two things as equal when they are significantly different
14
Equivocation
Using a word with multiple meanings inconsistently in an argument
15
Begging the Question
Assuming the conclusion is true within the argument's premises