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Cognitive Psychology — Memory

How humans encode, store, and retrieve information

M
memorymapper_z 15 terms Jan 3, 2026
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Terms 15

1
Encoding
Process of transforming information into a form that can be stored
2
Storage
Maintaining encoded information over time in memory
3
Retrieval
Accessing stored information when needed
4
Sensory Memory
Very brief storage of sensory input; iconic (visual) and echoic (auditory)
5
Short-Term Memory
Limited capacity storage holding roughly 7±2 items for up to 30 seconds
6
Working Memory
Active manipulation and use of information in short-term memory
7
Long-Term Memory
Potentially unlimited, permanent storage of information
8
Explicit Memory
Conscious recall of facts and events; declarative memory
9
Implicit Memory
Unconscious memory for skills and habits; procedural memory
10
Semantic Memory
General factual knowledge not tied to specific experience
11
Episodic Memory
Memory for personally experienced events with time and place
12
Chunking
Grouping information into meaningful units to expand memory capacity
13
Elaborative Rehearsal
Connecting new information to existing knowledge; deeper processing
14
Forgetting Curve
Ebbinghaus's finding that memory decays rapidly without review
15
Spaced Repetition
Studying at increasing intervals to combat forgetting curve