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Political Science — Ideologies

Major political philosophies and their core beliefs

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polisci_petra 15 terms Oct 7, 2025
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Terms 15

1
Liberalism
Emphasizes individual rights, civil liberties, and democratic governance
2
Conservatism
Values tradition, limited government, and established social institutions
3
Socialism
Advocates collective ownership of means of production; reduce inequality
4
Communism
Classless society with collective ownership; state ownership transitional stage
5
Fascism
Ultranationalist authoritarian system with strong central power and suppression of opposition
6
Libertarianism
Maximum individual freedom; minimal government intervention in life and economy
7
Anarchism
Opposition to all forms of involuntary hierarchical authority and the state
8
Populism
Pits 'ordinary people' against corrupt elites; can be left or right wing
9
Nationalism
Strong identification with and promotion of one's nation; can be civic or ethnic
10
Social Democracy
Market economy with strong welfare state; democratic socialist policies
11
Neoliberalism
Free markets, deregulation, privatization, and reduced government spending
12
Theocracy
Government ruled by religious law or leaders claiming divine authority
13
Authoritarianism
Concentration of power in a leader or group; limits political freedom
14
Progressivism
Reform-oriented; advocates social justice, equity, and structural change
15
Federalism
Divides sovereignty between national and regional governments