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Intro to Law — Legal Terms

Foundational vocabulary for understanding the legal system

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lawclerk_prep 15 terms Dec 14, 2025
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Terms 15

1
Plaintiff
Party who brings a lawsuit in civil court
2
Defendant
Party being sued or accused in a legal case
3
Burden of Proof
Obligation to prove one's claims in court
4
Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Criminal standard of proof; highest legal standard
5
Preponderance of Evidence
Civil standard; more likely than not (>50%) that the claim is true
6
Precedent (Stare Decisis)
Legal principle that prior court decisions bind future cases
7
Tort
Civil wrong causing harm for which courts provide remedy
8
Negligence
Failure to exercise reasonable care resulting in harm to another
9
Habeas Corpus
Right to appear before a court to challenge unlawful detention
10
Due Process
Legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person
11
Injunction
Court order requiring a party to do or stop doing something
12
Subpoena
Court order compelling a person to testify or produce evidence
13
Jurisdiction
Legal authority of a court to hear a particular case
14
Statute of Limitations
Time limit within which legal action must be brought
15
Hearsay
Out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of its content; generally inadmissible