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AP Biology — Biochemistry

Macromolecules, enzymes, and biochemical processes

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bio_chem_blend 15 terms Jan 27, 2026
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Terms 15

1
Carbohydrates
Macromolecule made of C, H, O; primary energy source; monomer: monosaccharide
2
Lipids
Hydrophobic macromolecule; includes fats, oils, and steroids; energy storage
3
Proteins
Macromolecule made of amino acids; enzymes, transport, structure, signaling
4
Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA; store and transfer genetic information; monomer: nucleotide
5
Enzyme
Biological catalyst lowering activation energy of a reaction
6
Active Site
Region of enzyme binding the substrate; specific shape allows fit
7
Substrate
Molecule an enzyme acts upon
8
Denaturation
Loss of enzyme shape due to heat or pH change; destroys function
9
Activation Energy
Minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction
10
ATP Hydrolysis
ATP → ADP + Pi; releases energy used by the cell
11
Hydrogen Bond
Weak attraction between partially positive H and electronegative atom; key in DNA
12
Peptide Bond
Covalent bond linking amino acids; forms by dehydration synthesis
13
Phospholipid Bilayer
Double layer of phospholipids forming cell membranes; hydrophilic heads out
14
Cohesion
Water molecules attracted to each other via hydrogen bonds
15
Feedback Inhibition
End product of a pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme; regulates production