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Anatomy — Digestive System

Organs and processes of human digestion

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gut_check_gary 15 terms Dec 19, 2025
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Terms 15

1
Esophagus
Muscular tube carrying food from mouth to stomach via peristalsis
2
Stomach
Muscular organ churning food with hydrochloric acid and pepsin
3
Pyloric Sphincter
Valve releasing partially digested food from stomach into small intestine
4
Duodenum
First section of small intestine; receives bile and pancreatic enzymes
5
Jejunum
Middle section of small intestine; main site of nutrient absorption
6
Ileum
Final section of small intestine; absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts
7
Liver
Largest internal organ; produces bile; detoxifies blood; metabolizes nutrients
8
Gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
9
Pancreas
Produces digestive enzymes and hormones insulin and glucagon
10
Colon
Large intestine absorbing water and forming feces from waste material
11
Rectum
Final section of large intestine storing feces until elimination
12
Peristalsis
Wave-like muscular contractions moving food through digestive tract
13
Villi
Finger-like projections in small intestine increasing surface area for absorption
14
Amylase
Enzyme in saliva breaking down starches into sugars
15
Bile
Emulsifying agent produced by liver; breaks fat into smaller droplets