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Physics — Energy and Work

Work, energy, power, and conservation laws

P
potential_energy 15 terms Jan 25, 2026
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Terms 15

1
Work
W = Fd·cos(θ); force applied over distance in direction of force; joules
2
Kinetic Energy
KE = ½mv²; energy of motion
3
Potential Energy
Stored energy based on position or condition
4
Gravitational PE
PE = mgh; depends on mass, gravity, and height
5
Elastic PE
PE = ½kx²; stored in compressed or stretched spring
6
Conservation of Energy
Total mechanical energy in a closed system remains constant
7
Power
P = W/t = Fv; rate of doing work; measured in watts
8
Efficiency
Useful output energy / total input energy × 100%
9
Work-Energy Theorem
Net work done on object equals change in kinetic energy
10
Mechanical Energy
Sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system
11
Joule
SI unit of energy and work; 1 J = 1 N·m
12
Watt
SI unit of power; 1 W = 1 J/s
13
Spring Constant (k)
Measure of stiffness of a spring; F = kx (Hooke's Law)
14
Conservative Force
Force where work done is path-independent; e.g. gravity, spring
15
Non-Conservative Force
Force where work depends on path; e.g. friction; converts energy to heat