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Biology: Cell Anatomy Quiz

Key structures and functions of the cell

J
jacob 30 terms Mar 10, 2026
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Terms 30

1
Cell
The basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms.
2
Cell Membrane
Thin flexible barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
3
Cytoplasm
Gel-like substance inside the cell that holds organelles.
4
Nucleus
Control center of the cell that contains DNA.
5
DNA
Molecule that carries genetic information used for growth and reproduction.
6
Nucleolus
Structure inside the nucleus where ribosomes are produced.
7
Ribosome
Organelle that builds proteins.
8
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of membranes that helps transport materials within the cell.
9
Rough ER
Type of ER with ribosomes attached that helps produce proteins.
10
Smooth ER
Type of ER without ribosomes that helps make lipids and detoxify chemicals.
11
Golgi Apparatus
Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
12
Mitochondria
Organelle that produces energy (ATP) for the cell through respiration.
13
ATP
Molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular processes.
14
Lysosome
Organelle containing enzymes that break down waste and old cell parts.
15
Vacuole
Storage structure for water, nutrients, and waste.
16
Central Vacuole
Large vacuole in plant cells that stores water and maintains pressure.
17
Chloroplast
Organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
18
Photosynthesis
Process where plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.
19
Cell Wall
Rigid outer layer in plant cells that provides support and protection.
20
Cytoskeleton
Network of fibers that helps maintain cell shape and movement.
21
Organelle
Specialized structure inside a cell that performs a specific function.
22
Prokaryotic Cell
Simple cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
23
Eukaryotic Cell
Cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
24
Animal Cell
Eukaryotic cell that does not have a cell wall or chloroplast.
25
Plant Cell
Eukaryotic cell that has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole.
26
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
27
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
28
Active Transport
Movement of substances across a membrane using energy.
29
Selective Permeability
Property of the cell membrane allowing some substances to pass but not others.
30
Homeostasis
Maintenance of stable internal conditions within a cell or organism.