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Physics — Motion and Forces

Newton's laws, kinematics, and dynamics basics

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physguy_trebek 15 terms Mar 3, 2026
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Terms 15

1
Newton's First Law
An object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a net force
2
Newton's Second Law
F = ma; force equals mass times acceleration
3
Newton's Third Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
4
Velocity
Speed in a specific direction; vector quantity
5
Acceleration
Rate of change of velocity; a = Δv/Δt
6
Displacement
Change in position; vector quantity
7
Inertia
Resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion
8
Friction
Resistive force opposing relative motion between surfaces
9
Net Force
Vector sum of all forces acting on an object
10
Free Body Diagram
Diagram showing all forces acting on an object
11
Normal Force
Perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on an object
12
Tension
Pulling force transmitted through a rope, string, or cable
13
Gravity
Attractive force between masses; g ≈ 9.8 m/s² near Earth's surface
14
Equilibrium
State when net force equals zero; object is at rest or constant velocity
15
Projectile Motion
Motion under gravity with horizontal and vertical components independent