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Organic Chemistry — Functional Groups

Key functional groups and their properties in organic molecules

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orgo_survivor 15 terms Mar 12, 2026
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Terms 15

1
Alkane
Saturated hydrocarbon with only single bonds; general formula CnH2n+2
2
Alkene
Hydrocarbon with at least one C=C double bond
3
Alkyne
Hydrocarbon with at least one C≡C triple bond
4
Alcohol
Functional group containing –OH bonded to a carbon
5
Aldehyde
Carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain; –CHO
6
Ketone
Carbonyl group (C=O) within a carbon chain; not at an end
7
Carboxylic Acid
Functional group –COOH; acidic due to ionizable hydrogen
8
Ester
Formed from carboxylic acid and alcohol; –COO–; often fragrant
9
Amine
Functional group containing nitrogen; –NH2
10
Amide
Formed from carboxylic acid and amine; –CONH2
11
Ether
Oxygen bonded between two carbon atoms; –O–
12
Aromatic Ring
Benzene-like ring with delocalized electrons; very stable
13
Halide
Functional group containing a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)
14
Polymer
Large molecule made of repeating monomer units
15
Isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures